Definition:
Hipnotika or sleeping pills (Yun: hypnos = sleep) are the substances in therapeutic doses designation increases the desire for sleep physiology and facilitate or cause sleep. Usually this drug is given at night. When the substances are given in the day ii in higher doses randah for calming purposes, then called sedativa (Obata reliever medication).
Hipnotika / sedativa, as well as anti-psikotika (neuroleptika), included in psikoleptika group that includes medications that suppress or inhibit certain functions of the CNS.
Sedativa function decrease of activity, reduce tension.
Hipnotika / sedativa, as well as anti-psikotika (neuroleptika), included in psikoleptika group that includes medications that suppress or inhibit certain functions of the CNS.
Sedativa function decrease of activity, reduce tension.
users.
Hipnotika causing drowsiness (drowsiness), accelerate the natural sleep of the properties it resembles EEG.
Differences sedativa-traquilizers
Sedativa-hipnotika efficacious suppress CNS. When used in increasing doses, a sedativum, for example denobarbital, will cause the effect of successive differences, sleep, and general anesthesia (anesthesia).
Tranquillizers, also called ataraktika or anxiolitika, especially benzodiazepines substances, can depress the central nervous system with sedative and hypnotic properties, and in addition it also empowered anxiolitis, antikonvulsif and muscle relaxation.
Tranquillizers, also called ataraktika or anxiolitika, especially benzodiazepines substances, can depress the central nervous system with sedative and hypnotic properties, and in addition it also empowered anxiolitis, antikonvulsif and muscle relaxation.
Classification
Hipnotika can be divided into several groups, namely compounds barbiturates and benzodiazepines, medicines and other Obata, and medications obsolete.
1. Barbiturates
Barbital used as relief medication for daytime ang lower doses than the dose as a sleeping pill, which is 0.5 to 1 / 6 time. For example, phenobarbital in doses of 15-30 mg works as sedativum and 100 mg or more as a sleeping pill.
2. Benzodiazepines
In essence, all benzodiazepines have the power of compound mentioned above, namely efficacy anksiolitis, sedative hypnotic, antikonvulsif, muscle relaxation and power.
Usage (2). Substances that are relatively powerful hypnotic sedative properties from other properties, mainly used in sleeping pills. Another use is as spasmolitikum (substance release spasms), for example on tetanus (especially klonazepam and diazepam), and as a premedication prior to differentiation (especially midazolam), where the nature anestetisnya useful.
The advantage of these drugs compared with barbital and other sleeping pills are not or almost not impede-REM sleep. However, benzodiazepines when used for only a few weeks, by many experts considered a relatively safe sleeping pills, and is the first choice hipnotika.
Pharmacokinetics. Thanks to the nature lipofilnya, resorpinya going well in the gut (80-90%) and fast, while the maximum concentration in plasma is reached within 0.5 to 2 hours.
Usage (2). Substances that are relatively powerful hypnotic sedative properties from other properties, mainly used in sleeping pills. Another use is as spasmolitikum (substance release spasms), for example on tetanus (especially klonazepam and diazepam), and as a premedication prior to differentiation (especially midazolam), where the nature anestetisnya useful.
The advantage of these drugs compared with barbital and other sleeping pills are not or almost not impede-REM sleep. However, benzodiazepines when used for only a few weeks, by many experts considered a relatively safe sleeping pills, and is the first choice hipnotika.
Pharmacokinetics. Thanks to the nature lipofilnya, resorpinya going well in the gut (80-90%) and fast, while the maximum concentration in plasma is reached within 0.5 to 2 hours.
Classification of benzodiazepine
Based on the speed of metabolism can be distinguished three groups, ie substances long-acting, short-acting substances, and substances ultra short-acting.
a. Medications Long-acting: such klordiazepoksida, diazepam, nitrazepam, and flurazepam, with respective t ½ 50-30 (-200), 20-54 (42-120), 18-34 and (47-100) hours.
b. Drug-drug short-acting: oksazepam (t1 / 2: 5-15 hours), lorazepam (12-16), lormelam (Dormonoct, 12-16), and zopiclon (5 hours). These drugs are metabolized without producing metabolites that have long working aktid. The drug is fit for use as a sleeping pill because it does not berkumulasi during use repeatedly and rarely cause-effect residual (hangover)
c. Drugs ultra-short acting: triazolam (t1 / 2: 1.5 to 5.5 hours), midazolam (Dormicum, 2.1 to 3.5), and estazolam. The risk of the effects of abstinence and rebound-insomnia greater on these medications, so you should not be used longer than 2 weeks.
b. Drug-drug short-acting: oksazepam (t1 / 2: 5-15 hours), lorazepam (12-16), lormelam (Dormonoct, 12-16), and zopiclon (5 hours). These drugs are metabolized without producing metabolites that have long working aktid. The drug is fit for use as a sleeping pill because it does not berkumulasi during use repeatedly and rarely cause-effect residual (hangover)
c. Drugs ultra-short acting: triazolam (t1 / 2: 1.5 to 5.5 hours), midazolam (Dormicum, 2.1 to 3.5), and estazolam. The risk of the effects of abstinence and rebound-insomnia greater on these medications, so you should not be used longer than 2 weeks.
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